Arnold Bernstein (23 January 1888 in Breslau - 1971, Palm Beach, Florida) is a German-American shipowner and pioneer of transatlantic car transportation, which he revolutionized ever since he hauled his car without boxing them on wooden crates like regular basis and thus can reduce freight rates. When the Great Depression of 1929 made use of the 'garage pool' impractical, Bernstein later turned his ships into passenger ships, with only one class of travel (what he called the tourist class) rather than the usual three. One of the first Jewish "merchant princes," he was one of the victims of the Nazi takeover policy.
Video Arnold Bernstein
Kehidupan
The eldest son of a Jewish businessman, Max Bernstein and his wife Franziska Altmann, fought in German artillery during the First World War, fought in battles in Noyon, Ypern and Somme, and was awarded first class Iron Cross.
Bernstein was tried in 1937 and imprisoned for alleged violations of foreign currency, but was acquitted in 1939. At the time of his arrest, he was the owner of one of Germany's largest Jewish businesses. After making a $ 30,000 payment in US currency, he was allowed to leave Germany to the Netherlands. The funds were raised by friends, who held back payments until Bernstein arrived at the border. Bernstein and his wife Lilli left Europe for New York aboard the SS Nieuw Amsterdam in Southampton on August 25, 1939, and arrived in New York on September 1, the day on which Germany invaded Poland. On board there are 1286 passengers, about 150 more than normal capacity. The Nieuw Amsterdam , a ship owned by the Holland America Line, is called the "first war refugee" ship, because it is the first to take passengers over capacity for fear of breaking the war outside.
In 1940 he founded Arnold Bernstein Steamship Corporation in New York. In 1945, Bernstein sued in the US District Court for the restoration of his two voyages, arguing that he had been forced under death threats to hand them over to the Nazi government. Several ships from the Arnold Bernstein Line have been taken over by the Allies, but the Red Star Line has been sold to the Holland America Line. Both lines were priced at $ 4.8 million. In 1957, Bernstein founded American Banner Lines in New York for passenger transportation, but in 1959, Bernstein retired from business. He spent the last years of his life in Florida.
Maps Arnold Bernstein
Ship
Di bawah bendera Jerman
- Max , Freighter
- Keilberg , Freighter
- Betty , Kapal Tunda
- Odin , Freighter
- Aegir , Freighter
- Frithjof , Freighter
- Max Bernstein , Freighter
- Falkenstein , Freighter
- Johanna , Freighter
- Charlotte , Lebih Ringan
- Schleswig-Holstein , Freighter
- Eberstein , Freighter
- Hohenstein , Freighter, berganti nama menjadi Tel Aviv pada tahun 1935
- Gerolstein , Freighter & amp; Kapal Penumpang
- KÃÆ'¶nigstein , Freighter & amp; Kapal Penumpang
- Ilsenstein , Freighter & amp; Kapal Penumpang
- Lichtenstein , Freighter
- Lahnstein , Freighter
- Traunstein , Freighter
- Drachenstein , Freighter
- Gravenstein , Freighter
- Pennland , Freighter & amp; Kapal Penumpang
- Westernland , Freighter & amp; Kapal Penumpang
Under a non-German banner
- Panama , Freighter
- Orbis , Freighter
- Continental , Passenger Ship
- Europa , Passenger Ship
- Silver Star , Passenger Ship
- Atlantic , Passenger Ship
References
External links
- BjÃÆ'¶rn Siegel, "It's 20 Years to Beat Hitler." The owner of the Hamburg Shipping Company Arnold Bernstein in the US. In Key Historical Documents of German Jewry , 05 June 2018.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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