Transportation system in Los Angeles is a complex multimodal infrastructure. It serves as a regional, national and international center for passenger and freight traffic. This system includes the largest port complex in the United States; broad freight and passenger infrastructure, including light rail and subway lines; many airports and bus lines; Transportation Network Company; and a wide road and road system. People in Los Angeles rely on cars as the dominant mode of transportation, but starting in 1990 the Los Angeles Metro Rail has built over a hundred miles (160 km) light and heavy rail that serves more parts of Los Angeles.
Video Transportation in Los Angeles
Intercity
Air transport
In the Los Angeles metropolitan area there are five commercial airports and many public aviation airports.
The main Los Angeles airport is Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). The seventh busiest commercial airport in the world and the third busiest in the United States, LAX handles 61.9 million passengers, 1.884 million metric tons (2.077 million tons, 1,854 million tons) of cargo and 680,954 aircraft movements in 2007.
Other major commercial airports include: LA/Ontario International Airport (serving the Inland Empire); Bob Hope Airport (formerly known as Burbank Airport ; serves San Fernando and San Gabriel Valleys); Long Beach Airport (serving Long Beach/Harbor area); and John Wayne Airport (serving the Orange County area).
The world's busiest public airport is also located in Los Angeles, Van Nuys Airport.
Intercity rail service
Union Station is the main regional railway station for Amtrak, Metrolink and Metro Rail. This station is Amtrak's 5th busiest station, has 1,464,289 boarding and Amtrak boarding in 2006. Amtrak operates eleven daily trips between San Diego and Los Angeles, five of which continue to Santa Barbara via Pacific Surfliner, the only service walk through Los Angeles several times a day. Two of the journeys continued to San Luis Obispo, California. The Coast Starlight provides additional services on routes and further to San Francisco Bay Area, Sacramento, and to Seattle, Washington. Amtrak motor trainers connect from Los Angeles to San Joaquin Route in Bakersfield with periodic services through Central Valley of California to Sacramento and Oakland.
There is also a daily service to Chicago, Illinois at the Southwest Head, and three times a week to New Orleans, Louisiana at Sunset Limited. Due to the effects of Hurricane Katrina, the Sunset Limited service between New Orleans to Jacksonville, Florida has been discontinued, although Amtrak is required by the current Federal Law to develop plans to restore services. The Texas Eagle is the second train to Chicago, which operates three times a week. The Sunset and Texas Eagle trains operate on the same line between Los Angeles and San Antonio, Texas before splitting to their respective destinations.
The Pacific Surfliner Amtrak Train stops at several locations in Los Angeles County, including: Glendale, Bob Hope Airport in Burbank, Chatsworth, and Van Nuys.
Due to the large volumes of imported transport flowing to the city's harbor complex, Los Angeles is the main freight train center. Transportation is transported by Union Pacific Railroad and BNSF Railway. The now undisturbed South Pacific Rail line once served the Los Angeles area before joining Union Pacific. The Alameda Corridor, the corridor of the rail under the class connects the harbor to the city's main train bases and to point further north and east.
Intercity roads
The main highway route providing intercity connections is Interstate 5 (north to Sacramento and south to San Diego), U.S. Route. 101 (north to Santa Barbara), and Interstate 10 (west to Santa Monica and east to Phoenix, Arizona).
Intercity bus service
Greyhound, Megabus, BoltBus (owned by Greyhound) and various smaller bus lines provide intercity bus services. Megabus and Boltbus depart from Union Station and directly connect Los Angeles to San Francisco and Las Vegas. Greyhound connects the smaller communities and departs from various locations in the Los Angeles metro. The main station is located in downtown Los Angeles.
Greyhound Lines operates several stations in the city of Los Angeles:
- Hollywood Station (Hollywood)
- Los Angeles Station (Los Angeles City Center)
- The Los Angeles Wall
- North Hollywood Station (North Hollywood)
Greyhound Lines operates stations in the following cities and areas around Los Angeles:
- Anaheim: Anaheim Station
- Compton: Compton Station
- East Los Angeles: Los Angeles Olympic Station
- El Monte
- El Monte Station
- El Monte AAU
- Glendale: Glendale Station
- Lancaster: Lancaster Station
- Long Beach: Long Beach Station
- Palmdale: Palmdale Transportation Center
- Pasadena: Pasadena Station
- Santa Ana
- Santa Ana Station
- Santa Ana Main Street
Greyhound Lines juga melayani pemberhentian bus di:
- Huntington Park
- Los Angeles: Union Station
Harbors
The Port of Los Angeles is located in San Pedro Bay in San Pedro neighborhood, about 20 miles (30 km) south of Downtown. Also called Los Angeles Harbor and WORLDPORT LA , the port complex occupies 7,500 acre (30 km ) land and water 43 miles (69 km) from the seafront. It is adjacent to the separated Port of Long Beach.
The Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach seaports together form Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbor. There is also a smaller non-industrial harbor along the LA coast. Most such as Redondo Beach and Marina del Rey are used mainly by sailboats and cruise ships.
The Port of Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbor comprise the largest port complex in the United States and the fifth busiest in the world. More than 11 percent of US (value-based) international trade passes through the Los Angeles area and the Los Angeles customs district collects more than 37 percent of the country's import duties.
This port includes four bridges: Vincent Thomas Bridge, Henry Ford Bridge, Gerald Desmond Bridge, and Commodore Bridge Schuyler F. Heim.
Ferry service
There is a ferry serving the island community off the coast of Avalon, California; they are mainly used for day visits and to move supplies to Catalina Island. There is no regular vehicle ferry service to Avalon, as the city limits the use of cars and trucks within its borders.
Maps Transportation in Los Angeles
Intracity
Highway
There are a dozen major highways that reach the area. California's first highway is California State Route 110, also known as Pasadena Freeway or Arroyo Seco Parkway. Opened on January 1, 1940 and connects downtown Los Angeles to downtown Pasadena. From Chavez Ravine north to Pasadena can be very dangerous because there are no shoulders, narrow paths, sharp curves (and not always turning), and the ramp is short enough and offers little room for acceleration to the speed of the freeway; All this because the freeway is designed for cars slower than different eras and the traffic volume is much less than there is today. Commercial vehicles of more than 6,000 pounds (2.7 t, 2.7 tonnes long) are prohibited from using the expressway. The newer highways are more straight, wider, and allow for higher speeds.
Jalan raya utama Los Angeles meliputi:
- Jalan Bebas Glendale
- Santa Ana Freeway
- Golden State Freeway
- Jalan Tol Santa Monica Freeway/San Bernardino
- Antelope Valley Freeway
- Jalan Tol Tepi Laut
- Jalan Tol Pomona
- Marina Freeway
- Jalan Tol Gardena
- Hollywood Freeway
- Ventura Freeway
- Jalan Bebas Hambatan Terminal
- Glenn M. Anderson Freeway/Century Freeway
- Jalan Tol Pelabuhan
- Arroyo Seco Parkway
- Jalan Tol Ronald Reagan
- Foothill Freeway
- San Diego Freeway
- Jalan Tol Long Beach
Jalan raya utama Los Angeles meliputi:
- Pacific Coast Highway/Lincoln Boulevard
- Santa Monica Boulevard
- Jalan Decker Canyon
- Topanga Canyon Boulevard
- Jalan Alameda
- Slauson Avenue
- Highland Avenue
- Venice Boulevard
Angelenos is recorded to refer to the highway with a definite article ("The 101"), unlike most other parts of the United States, which ignore the article. Referring to the highway by name, eg "The San Diego Freeway", is basically a relic from the time when the highway was built, and diminished. Nevertheless, the highway continues to be named officially, and 118 recently baptized The Ronald Reagan Freeway.
Busy hour
Busy hours occur on weekdays between 5 am and 10 am, and in the afternoon between 3 pm and 7 pm (although rush hour traffic can sometimes be up to 11 am and start again from 2 pm to 2 pm 10pm, especially on Fridays). Traffic can occur almost anywhere, especially before big holidays (including Thanksgiving, Christmas, and three-day weekend) and even on regular weekends when others do not expect it. Experienced Angelenos know that they need to put traffic into their journey.
Despite the congestion in the city, the average travel time for commuters in Los Angeles is shorter than other major cities, including New York City, Philadelphia and Chicago. The average travel time of Los Angeles to commute in 2006 was 29.2 minutes, similar to what happened in San Francisco and Washington, DC.
Los Angeles has synchronized its traffic lights.
Streets, road layouts, boulevards, and road problems
The city has an extensive road network. Arterial roads (referred to as surface walks) by local residents, unlike roads that are usually classified highways) connect highways with smaller neighborhood streets, and often used to bypass the crowded expressway routes. As a result, most of the surface arterial roads in Los Angeles have various forms of congestion control.
Some of the more common ways to maintain surface road traffic flow are the use of loop sensors embedded in the sidewalk that allow timing of traffic signal junctions to support heavier roads delayed; the use of traffic control systems allows for traffic signal synchronization to increase traffic flow (in October 2009 the system is currently installed on 85% of marked intersections in the city, more than any other US city); vehicle restrictions changed on highways without detours determined during peak hours; and extensive use of restrictions on busy parking hours, allowing for extra lane travel in any direction during peak hours (weekdays not including public holidays from 7-9 am to 4-7 pm, although hours vary by location) by eliminating on-street parking and standing vehicles, with ticketed offenders, and in the case of priority routes known as "anti-jam zone", were immediately withdrawn by a special enforcement team dubbed the "tiger team" at a steep cost to the offenders.
1st Street divides the north and south grid numbering blocks, and southwest of the Los Angeles River, Main Street divides the eastern and western cities. Northeast river, the block of appellations divided east and west by Pasadena Avenue and N Figueroa Street.
From downtown Los Angeles to Long Beach, in a straight vertical pattern, the east-west roads are numbered (starting with Street One in the city center, 266th Street in Harbor City), and the north-south streets are named. (1st St. is one block south of the Temple.) There are many exceptions to numbered streets, but the above pattern is generally used. This same numbered pattern is not mirrored in the north of the Temple. The addresses are then numbered East or West originating from Main St (north central main artery). Therefore, the landmark of Watts Towers in 1765 E. 107th St. about 107 streets to the south of 1st Street, and in the 17th east next to Main St. Although the numbered streets are in order, they are not necessarily the same as the number of blocks south of 1st Street, since there are roads like 118th St. and then 118th Place.
Many numbered roads also continue to neighboring cities; but some cities, such as Manhattan Beach, have made their own number network of roads. Also, some districts in Los Angeles, such as Wilmington, San Pedro, and Venice, have their own number network of roads.
Many arteries have been labeled as boulevards, and many of those mentioned below have been immortalized in movies, music, and literature.
Rute timur-barat utama meliputi: Victory, Ventura, Hollywood, Sunset, Santa Monica, Beverly, Wilshire, Olympic, Pico, Venice, Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Exposition dan Martin Luther King Jr. Rute utara-selatan utama meliputi: Topanga Canyon, Crenshaw, Reseda, Lincoln, Sepulveda, Van Nuys, Westwood, Beverly Glen, San Vicente, Robertson, La Cienega, Laurel Canyon, Glendale, dan Avalon.
There are many other famous L.A roads that have significant traffic but are not labeled as highways. Examples include: Broadway, Bundy Drive, Barrington Avenue, Centinela Avenue, Fountain Avenue, Mulholland Drive, Slauson Avenue, Pacific Coast Highway, Century Park East, Avenue of the Stars, Normandie Avenue, Highland Avenue, Melrose Avenue, Florence Avenue, Vermont Avenue , La Brea Avenue, Fairfax Avenue, West Street, Figueroa Road, Grand Avenue, Huntington Drive, Central Avenue, and Alameda Road. Los Angeles West has many roads named after the state that flows east and west. Somewhat confusingly, the adjoining Santa Monica uses several of the same country names for different paths.
The hole is a famous problem in Los Angeles and often causes severe damage to all types of vehicles. Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa made "Operation Pothole" one of his top priorities in 2008 and promised to fill 1 million holes. However, due to poorly managed city budgets, the City Street Service Bureau only has one special small hole repair truck to cover 275 miles (440 km) of roads (which means the backlog is bad and worse). Many of the city's streets, such as Wilshire Boulevard, are engineered when cars, trucks, and buses are much smaller, and desperately need to be torn apart and rebuilt from scratch to handle larger vehicle loads today.
In addition, due to his severe budget problems, Los Angeles is one of the few cities in California that do not use up-and-down marks on the streets. Thus, the Los Angeles driver should be alert not only to the potholes, but to other drivers drifting off the track due to the lack of tactile feedback normally provided by the markers.
Walk
Despite a statement from a popular song that "nothing runs in LA", 3.5% of Los Angeles residents head off to work by walking in 2016 and Los Angeles residents walk for training at rates similar to other major US cities.
There are a number of commercial areas in nearby cities that have been rebuilt in the last two decades specifically to accommodate pedestrian traffic. The Old Town of Pasadena was rebuilt in the late 1980s by moving parking from Colorado Boulevard so as to create a pedestrian-focused street. Likewise, Third Street Promenade in Santa Monica was closed to vehicular traffic altogether in 1965 and revitalized with improved pedestrian facilities in 1988.
Los Angeles city center has many public escalators and skyways, such as Bunker Hill's step to facilitate pedestrian traffic in a traffic-filled and hilly terrain. Downtown Los Angeles is one of two neighborhoods in Los Angeles that is classified as a "pedestrian paradise" (with a walking score of 90 or more) by Walkscore. The other is the Mid-City West, which covers the immediate area of ​​the city just south of West Hollywood and east of Beverly Hills.
Nevertheless, many of Los Angeles remain pedestrian-friendly. Most of the sidewalks in the City of Los Angeles (43% or 4,600 miles (7.400 km) of the total 10,600 miles (17,100 km)) are in bad condition derived from the decision of the City Council in 1973 to use their federal money to take over responsibility from adjacent property owner. Previously they were in compliance with California law which puts the responsibility for repairing the sidewalks on the property owners. Because certain popular tree species accelerate damage caused by roots, the council fails to simultaneously allocate funds for sustainable urban improvements from the sidewalk. Voters will not want to approve funding improvements with taxes or bond sizes. City again began dedicating funds for sidewalk repairs in 2000 but thwarted the program during the 2008 financial crisis. By 2015, the city has approved a historic legal settlement that will improve the backlog of damaged sidewalks and make other improvements to help those with disabilities navigate the city. The largest deal of its kind in US history would settle the lawsuit on behalf of people in wheelchairs or others with mobility impairments who argued that the sidewalks were fragile and impassable as well as other obstacles were a violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act because they were prohibited from accessing public lanes.
Bike tour
Cycling accounts for about 1% of commute to Los Angeles and has almost doubled in the last ten years. People in Los Angeles commute by bicycle twice as often as the US average. There is an expansion of bike lanes like the Los Angeles River bike path, which runs from Burbank to Long Beach, with little free time through the city center.
Transit masses
The main regional public transport agency is the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LACMTA), commonly referred to as Metro or MTA. The agency, which operates bus services, light rail and subway, averages 1.6 million transit trips per workday, making it the third largest transit agency in the United States. Other municipal transportation agencies in Los Angeles County (LADOT, Long Beach Transit, Montebello Bus Lane, Norwalk Transit, Redondo Beach, Big Santa Bus Santa Monica, Santa Clarita Transit, Transit Torrance and Foothill Transit) have an additional 405,000 boarding averages on the day work.
In February 2008, LACMTA introduced a new universal tariff system called 'TAP' which stands for Transit Access Pass. TAP smart cards allow bus and rail passengers to tap their cards in the farebox to ride faster. The TAP reader is installed on the farebox bus and at turnstiles and a stand-alone validator at the train station. Since not all Metro Rail stations have a revolving door, it operates on a payment proof system: thus, Metro tariff inspectors check randomly to make sure TAP users have validated their cards using a wireless handheld unit. TAP is now accepted in a number of different transit systems in Los Angeles County.
Metro Rail
Between light rail and heavy rail systems, Metro Rail has 83 miles (134 km) of rails, an average of 308,653 trips per work day, and accounts for about 1.1% of the 29 million daily trips coming from Los Angeles County. This network includes four light rail lines above the ground (Gold Line, Expo Line, Blue Line and Green Line) and an underground subway with two branches (Red Line and Purple Line). Rated by daily passengers, the Los Angeles subway is classed as the busiest ninth fast transit system in the United States. Rated by passengers per mile route, however, the system ranked sixth, carrying 8,846 passengers per mile of routes, over San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit or Chicago 'L'.
The Metro Metro Los Angeles system connects areas scattered in areas including Long Beach, Pasadena, Norwalk, El Segundo, North Hollywood, and Downtown Los Angeles. The first phase of the Expo Line from Downtown Los Angeles to Culver City opened on 28 April 2012. In June 2010, the construction of extending the Golden Line from Pasadena to Azusa begins. The development of the Expo Line extension to Santa Monica has also begun. There are several additional rail extension projects under investigation. Their construction time will depend on the availability of funds. These projects include:
- Crenshaw/LAX Line, which will pass through the Crenshaw district and the Inglewood City to LAX (now under construction)
- Green Line Connection and Crenshaw/LAX Line to LAX via person mover.
- Regional Connector in Los Angeles City Center, connecting Expo, Blue and Gold lines (now under construction).
- Advanced extensions from the Gold Line from Azusa to Ontario Airport and East Los Angeles to Whittier
- The Western extension of the subway of Purple Line to Westwood, UCLA and possible connections to the Red Line via West Hollywood and Beverly Hills (now under construction).
Rework Commuting
Also serving Los Angeles and some surrounding counties is Metrolink, a regional commuter train service. Metrolink averages 42,600 trips per work day, the busiest line is the San Bernardino line.
Los Angeles Public Transport Statistics
The average amount of time people spend traveling by public transport in Los Angeles, for example to and from work, on weekdays is 86 minutes. 31% of passengers are public transport, driving for more than 2 hours every day. The average number of people waiting at stops or stations for public transport is 20 minutes, while 38% of drivers wait more than 20 minutes on average each day. The average distance a person usually rides on one trip with public transport is 11.1 km (6.9 miles), while 30% travels for more than 12 km (7.5 million) in one direction.
Taxi Company
Taxis in Los Angeles are governed by the Taxicab Board of Commissioners. There are nine taxi companies in Los Angeles that operate more than 2300 taxis. Some of the largest taxi companies in Los Angeles are LA Yellow Cab, Bell Cab, and United Independent Taxi. Recent Taxi applications have emerged to provide users with rising demand with lower waiting times. RideYellow, Curb and Flywheel are the three largest taxi apps that provide taxi service in Los Angeles.
Transportation Network Company
Transportation Network Company organizes one trip in a very short time. These companies use smartphones and GPS technology to allow travelers to request a ride from wherever they are, to where they want to be. The driver has passed the background check and their car has also passed the thorough inspection. Uber, and Lyft are the two largest companies in Los Angeles.
Commuter
In 2006, of 4,423,725 workers aged 16 and older in Los Angeles County, 72.0% were commuted to self-employment, 11.9% were driven in carpool and 7.0% were reduced to public transport. 64.9% of public transport commuters are not white, 70.2% Hispanic and 67.6% are born overseas. 75.5% of public transport commuters earn less than $ 25,000. However, only 32.7% of public transport commuters do not have a vehicle for them during their trip.
In the same year, for the City of Los Angeles, of 1,721,778 workers aged 16 years or over, 63.3% were mobilized for self-driving, 11.5% driven by carpool, 11.0% driven by public transport , and 3.4% running. The percentage of people using public transport in Los Angeles is lower than other US cities like Chicago and New York, but similar or higher than other US cities like Portland and Denver. 63.8% of public transport commuters in the city of Los Angeles in 2006 were not white, 75.1% were Hispanic and 73.9% were born overseas. 79.4% of public transport commuters earned less than $ 25,000 and 37.6% did not have the vehicles available to them for their travel.
Since 2006, own driving increases at the expense of carpooling and public transportation. According to the 2016 American Community Survey, 69.7% of Los Angeles (city) residents work by self-driving, 8.7% carpooled, 9.2% using public transport, and 3.5% walking. Around 2.8% is alleviated by all other means, including taxis, bicycles, and motorcycles. About 6.1% work at home.
Problem
Los Angeles is particularly vulnerable to smoke haze accumulation, due to its particular geography and weather patterns. Millions of vehicles in the area combined with the additional effects of the Los Angeles/Long Beach port complex often contribute to further air pollution. Although Los Angeles is one of the most famous cities that suffered from transportation fog for most of the 20th century, so much so it is sometimes said that Los Angeles is a synonym for haze In particular, the entire area between Los Angeles Harbor to Riverside has been known as the "Diesel Death Zone".
Although LAX is one of the largest airports in the world by passenger volume, LAX does not have direct rail connections to the terminal, although funding has been identified for extending the Green Line rail to the airport using sales tax. There are no plans for a direct air-to-rail transfer station for California High Speed ​​Rail to reduce the problem of commuter jets connecting LAX to remote areas such as San Diego, San Bernardino, Santa Barbara and Fresno.
See also
- Asbury Rapid Transit System
- The expressway system in Los Angeles
- Streetcar Great American scandal
- List of current Metro bus routes
- Transport in Greater Los Angeles
References
External links
- The existing city street 1903-04 but no longer exists
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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